Perfect Plants Bonsai Fertilizer – Whether you’re about to dip your toe into the big world of bonsai or you’ve just picked up a cute little tree on impulse at the store, you’re probably wondering how to make your first plant.
At its core, bonsai is a wonderful example of the intersection of art and horticulture. It’s about growing trees and creating an artistic tableau that captures the brilliance of nature in miniature.
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It’s easy to see one of the hundred-year-old, award-winning trees and marvel at the prospect. But don’t.
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Remember that you are working with plants just as you would with any other form of gardening, and it doesn’t have to be more complicated. If you combine the passion of an artist with a green thumb, all is well.
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This guide breaks it all down into its basic parts so you can jump in without feeling like you’re in over your head.
Whether this is your first foray into bonsai or your first attempt at growing any type of plant – this guide is perfect for beginners and we are here to help.
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If you are completely new to growing bonsai, you might want to check out our introduction to the art. It outlines all the basic concepts and explains the history behind this ancient art.
Bonsai as an art form has been around for hundreds of years, brought by monks from China to Japan, where it was transformed into the practice we know today.
One of the earliest examples in Japan comes from the 1300s, although it was practiced much earlier.
This technique is not about growing dwarf trees, but rather, it involves growing full size specimens in small containers and keeping them small by potting and pruning.
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Most of the species grown as bonsai should be considered normal trees, meaning they should be outside and experience a dormant period.
That said, there are some species that you can keep inside for part or all of the year.
When choosing plants to start your journey, you should consider whether you can keep the tree outside or keep it indoors.
As already mentioned, some trees require a dormant period that includes cold weather and low light, so they cannot be kept indoors exclusively.
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If you want to keep your plants indoors, choose species that are usually grown as houseplants. This is also good for beginners, as it is more tolerant of being kept indoors in a crate.
Many people choose to start with plants that are not necessarily trees, but woody shrubs can be trained into small tree-like shapes.
It is usually easy to grow and they ripen faster, so you can start practicing your technique without the risk of upsetting the temperamental species or ruining the form that will take years to perfect.
When choosing a plant, look for something that is pleasant to the skin. If you draw an old bonsai, you will never see a smooth stem.
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Because they are iconic, I do not recommend maples, pines, flowering cherries or cedars for beginners. Fruit trees, birches, redwoods and ginkgo trees are a bit more challenging.
You are welcome to try them. After all, it’s art, and there are no set rules. But if you want to be a little more forgiving, consider one of the following to start:
When I started my bonsai practice, I killed my Chinese elm about a dozen times. At least, I thought I had.
This species is a good choice if you want a classic looking bonsai that can take some abuse. I think of it as a bicycle with training wheels. It’s got your back until you’re ready to ride on your own.
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The same hardiness that makes cotoneaster such a reliable garden specimen makes it a great beginner bonsai. You don’t sacrifice beauty for durability, though.
A beautiful umbrella tree is a great choice for beginners and works well indoors. In fact, it is often grown as a houseplant.
This is my first bonsai and it’s still kicking after more than two decades, and many, many mistakes on my part.
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Ficus is the first tree that I usually recommend to people who want to try the art of bonsai.
There are hundreds of varieties to choose from, and they can be grown indoors – although most do well if spent a few months outside in good weather.
I don’t think fuchsia can be used by beginners. It can grow indoors or outdoors, it grows fast and has a long life. The biggest challenge is water.
Look for cultivars or hybrids with smaller leaves and flowers. You can read more about fuchsia varieties here.
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They grow quite fast, so if you choose something that grows slowly, like a juniper, you can achieve the look of an old plant faster.
Juniper is an excellent tree for beginners because it is incredibly tolerant of dry soil and drought conditions. It grows slowly, which some people consider a bonus because it means less work and maintenance.
However, it should be kept outside all year round. If you buy juniper labeled as a houseplant, do not believe the tag. This is not despite the fact that some nurseries advertise as such.
Lavender never grows a large stem, and this plant has a shorter lifespan than native trees, but picking lavender is a great way for beginners to practice bonsai care and shaping.
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I find it’s a great plant to practice techniques like pruning and wiring because it grows quickly. You don’t have to wait years to see the impact of your choices.
Wait, isn’t that just a garden herb? Rosemary is one of the best herbs for beginners, believe it or not. If you want to practice building and want to see quick results, this is the perfect plant to start with.
It grows fast, tolerates drought and poor soil, and its woody stems seem to age faster than real trees.
If you want to dip your toe into this technique without commitment, choose Rosemary. This plant won’t live up to some traditional options, but it’s a good place to start.
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Once you have settled on a species, you have several options for getting your first bonsai. Your decision depends on your budget and how involved you want to be in the process from start to finish.
At the end of the price scale, many retailers and nurseries sell starting bonsai. You can find some young plants that are not too expensive, or you can buy old bonsai, but these are usually expensive.
A second option that is in the middle of the cost scale is to buy seeds of the species you want to grow.
This is a little more challenging because you have to cut the root ball to fit the container, and you have to do a lot of shaping and pruning.
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However, if you pay attention, you can find seeds that are already in good shape. Junipers are a promising option, so take a look next time you’re at the nursery.
Finally, you can grow your own plants from seed, or grow them by rooting cuttings or air layering. This is the most challenging option, because you are fully responsible for the health of the plant, starting with propagation.
If you go this route, start the plant in a larger container for the first few years rather than a bonsai pot.
Unless you use a woody herb like rosemary or lavender, you probably won’t be able to style your tree – except by training the trunk for several years using this method.
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I do not recommend that you buy ready-made bonsai available at home improvement stores or mall kiosks.
These are often poorly produced (see: stones sticking to the surface, for example) and prone to failure in the long run. Start with a good foundation.
Soil is the most important factor you have control over. The tree can forgive a little more shade or a lot of moisture, but if there is a little soil available to anchor and nurture this plant, you should be right.
When you get the plant, you don’t know what the composition of the soil is. But the substrate you use is living matter. It becomes a host not only for your tree, but also for the microorganisms that help keep it alive.
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Whether you’re buying a bonsai that’s already started in a container or its own pot, remove as much soil around the roots as possible.
The easiest way to do this is to remove the plant from the container and gently brush and knock
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